Operating a portable medical device

ABSTRACT

Some embodiments of a portable medical device, such as an infusion pump, can receive an external reference signal (e.g., a radio, cellular and/or satellite signal) to provide an automatic time-setting and maintenance operation. In these circumstances, the medical device can maintain accurate time and date information even in the event of a power interruption, a time-zone change and/or an internal clock error, for example. In this manner, the portable medical device provides safe operation and added convenience to the user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/781,450, filed on May 17, 2010 by Estes et al., which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/851,194, filed onSep. 6, 2007 by Estes et al., the contents of which are fullyincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document relates to operating a medical device, such as an infusionpump to dispense a medicine.

BACKGROUND

Medical devices are commonly implemented to provide medical treatment toa patient. Pump devices, for example, are commonly used to deliver oneor more fluids to a targeted individual. As one specific example, amedical infusion pump device may be used to deliver a medicine to apatient as part of a medical treatment. The medicine that is deliveredby the infusion pump device can depend on the condition of the patientand the desired treatment plan. For example, infusion pump devices havebeen used to deliver insulin to the vasculature of diabetes patients soas to regulate blood-glucose levels. Such treatment plans includescheduled dosages of a particular medicine. The dosage amounts can varydepending upon the time of day.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments of a portable medical device for treatment of diabetes,such as an infusion pump or a glucose monitoring system, can receive anexternal reference signal (e.g., a radio, cellular and/or satellitesignal) to provide an automatic time-setting and maintenance operation.In these circumstances, the medical device can maintain accurate timeand date information even in the event of a power interruption, atime-zone change and/or an internal clock error, for example. In thismanner, the portable medical device provides safe operation and addedconvenience to the user.

Some embodiments of a method of operating a portable medical deviceinclude receiving an external reference signal from an externalreference source, updating at least one of a time setting and datesetting of the medical device based on the external reference signal toprovide at least one of an updated time and updated date setting andoperating the portable medical device based on the external referencesignal.

In particular embodiments, a portable medical device assembly include anexternal reference system that receives an external reference signalfrom an external reference source and a controller that updates at leastone of a time setting and a date setting of the medical device based onthe external reference signal to provide at least one of an updated timesetting and an updated date setting. The controller operates theportable medical device based on at least one of the updated timesetting and the updated date setting.

Certain embodiments of a wearable infusion pump system include adisposable and non-reusable pump device including a drive system todispense medicine from the pump device, the pump device having a firstelectrical connector that is externally accessible, a reusablecontroller device removably attachable to the disposable andnon-reusable pump device. Some embodiments of the controller deviceinclude a second electrical connector that is engageable with the firstconnector to provide electrical communication between control circuitryof the controller device and the drive system of the pump device, anexternal reference system that receives an external reference signalfrom an external reference source, and a processor that updates at leastone of a time setting and a date setting of the infusion pump systembased on the external reference signal to provide at least one of anupdated time setting and an updated date setting. The reusablecontroller operates the portable medical device based on at least one ofthe updated time setting and the updated date setting.

Some or all of the embodiments described herein may provide one or moreof the following advantages. First, an internal reference time setand/or updated by an external time signal to maintain accurate time anddate information even in the event of a power interruption. For example,power may be removed during a battery change and/or the battery maydeplete over time. Upon re-powering, the external reference systemautomatically communicates with the remote time and date referencesource and immediately and accurately updates the internal referencetime and date. In this manner, the system can reduce the risk of thereference time either not being updated or not being accurately updatedby the user. Furthermore, the accuracy of the internal reference time ismaintained throughout the operation of the medical device.

Secondly, the infusion pump system that incorporates the externalreference system can be implemented to automatically adjust the dosingschedule in the case of a time change. More specifically, in the case ofdaylight savings time and/or travel between time zones, a time changemay occur, which may be several hours or even an entire day. The patientmay be alerted to such time changes and may be assisted in adapting thedosing schedule to the new time zone.

Thirdly, the use of the medical device is simplified for the patient.More specifically, the patient is not required to manually set the dateand time. As a result, any inaccuracies that may otherwise arise frommanually setting the date and time are avoided. Furthermore, the user isnot necessarily required to learn how to perform manual setting of thetime and date.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary medical device in the formof an infusion pump system in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the infusion pump system of FIG. 1 in anassembled state.

FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the infusion pump system of FIG.2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the infusion pump system of FIG. 1 in adetached state.

FIG. 5 is another perspective view of the infusion pump system of FIG.4.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the infusion pump system, in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the infusion pump system of FIG. 6 wornon clothing of a user.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an infusion pump system worn on skin ofa user, in accordance with particular embodiments.

FIGS. 9 and 10 are perspective views of a pump device being detachedfrom a controller device, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are perspective views of the pump device of FIGS. 9 and10 being discarded and the controller device of FIGS. 9 and 10 beingreused with a new pump device.

FIGS. 13 and 14 are perspective views of the pump device of FIG. 11being attached to the controller device of FIG. 11.

FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a controller device for aninfusion pump system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating automatic time and date setting andmaintenance in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of a pump device for an infusionpump system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a continuous glucose monitoring systemin accordance with some embodiments.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, an exemplary medical device is provided as aportable infusion pump system 10 that is configured to controllablydispense a medicine to a patient. Although the exemplary medical deviceis described as a medical infusion pump system 10, it is appreciatedthat the automatic time and date setting and maintenance featuresdescribed herein can be implemented in other medical devices, such asblood glucose meters and continuous blood glucose monitors (described inmore detail below in connection with FIG. 18).

The infusion pump system 10 can include a pump device 100 and acontroller device 200 that communicates with the pump device 100. Thepump device 100 includes a housing structure 110 that defines a cavity116 in which a fluid cartridge 120 can be received. The pump device 100also includes a cap device 130 to retain the fluid cartridge 120 in thecavity 116 of the housing structure 110. The pump device 100 includes adrive system (described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 17)that advances a plunger 125 in the fluid cartridge 120 so as to dispensefluid therefrom. The controller device 200 communicates with the pumpdevice 100 to control the operation of the drive system. When thecontroller device 200, the pump device 100 (including the cap device130), and the fluid cartridge 120 are assembled together, the user can(in some embodiments) conveniently wear the infusion pump system 10 onthe user's skin under clothing or in the user's pocket while receivingthe fluid dispensed from the pump device 100.

The controller device 200 may be configured as a reusable component thatprovides electronics and a user interface to control the operation ofthe pump device 100. In such circumstances, the pump device 100 can be adisposable component that is disposed of after a single use. Forexample, the pump device 100 can be a “one time use” component that isthrown away after the fluid cartridge 120 therein is exhausted.Thereafter, the user can removably attach a new pump device 100 to thereusable controller device 200 for the dispensation of fluid from a newfluid cartridge 120. Accordingly, the user is permitted to reuse thecontroller device 200 (which may include complex or valuableelectronics) while disposing of the relatively low-cost pump device 100after each use. Such a pump system 10 can provide enhanced user safetyas a new pump device 100 (and drive system therein) is employed witheach new fluid cartridge 120.

Briefly, in use, the infusion pump system 10 is configured to receive anexternal signal from a remote time and date reference source 235 (e.g.,a radio transmitter, a satellite, another broadcast source or the like)to provide automatic time-setting capabilities and related maintenancefeatures. For example, the controller device 200 may include a receiver232 (FIG. 1) and external reference circuitry (FIG. 15) that can be usedto receive the external reference signal, which provides time and/ordate information. The controller device 200 can use this information toautomatically update the time and date settings and thereafter provideaccurately timed delivery of the infused medication, accuratelytime-stamped data storage, and other features convenient to the user.Such embodiments are described in more detail below in connection withFIGS. 15-16.

In addition, the pump device 100 is configured to removably attach tothe controller device 200 in a manner that provides a secure fitting, anoverall compact size, and a reliable electrical connection that isresistant to water migration. For example, as described in more detailbelow in connection with FIGS. 1-5, the controller device 200 includes ahousing 210 having a number of features that mate with complementaryfeatures of the pump housing 110. In such circumstances, the controllerdevice 200 can removably attach with the pump device 100 in a generallyside-by-side configuration while not fully surrounding the pump housing110. Accordingly, the pump device 100 and the controller device 200 canbe separate components that fit together, but the overall size of thecombined assembly is reduced because there is no requirement for onecomponent (e.g., the controller device) to completely surround orenvelop the second component (e.g., the pump device). The compact sizepermits the infusion pump system 10 to be discrete and portable (asdescribed below in connection with FIGS. 6-8). Moreover, at least one ofthe pump device 100 or the controller device 200 may include a releasemember that facilitates an easy-to-use detachment and replacementprocess. For example, as described in more detail below in connectionwith FIGS. 11-16, an exhausted pump device 100 may be a “one time use”component that is discarded after being used, and a new pump device 100′(having a new medicine cartridge 120′) can thereafter be attached to thecontroller device 200.

Moreover, the pump device 100 and the controller device 200 can bemounted to one another so that the assembled system 10 is resistant tomigration of external contaminants (e.g., water from precipitation orsplashing, sweat, and the like) both into the pump housing structure 110and the controller housing structure 210. In particular, the infusionpump system 10 may include one or more seals that are arranged to hindermigration of external contaminants into the cavity of the pump device100 (e.g., to protect the insulin container 120 and the drive systemduring operation). Also, the infusion pump system may include one ormore gaskets arranged proximate to the electrical connection location(between the pump device 100 and the controller device 200) to protectthe electrical connection from migration of external contaminants. Thus,in some embodiments, the infusion pump system 10 can be assembled into awater resistant configuration that protects sensitive components fromwater migration (e.g., if the user encounters water while wearing thepump system 10).

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, in this embodiment, the medical infusionpump system 10 is configured to controllably dispense a medicine fromthe cartridge 120. As such, the fluid cartridge 120 may contain amedicine 126 (FIG. 1) to be infused into the tissue or vasculature of atargeted individual, such as a human or animal patient. For example, thepump device 100 can be adapted to receive a medicine cartridge 120 inthe form of a carpule that is preloaded with insulin or another medicinefor use in the treatment of Diabetes (e.g., Byetta®, Symlin®, orothers). Such a cartridge 120 may be supplied, for example, by Eli Lillyand Co. of Indianapolis, Ind. Other examples of medicines contained inthe fluid cartridge 120 include: pain relief drugs, hormone therapy,blood pressure treatments, anti-emetics, osteoporosis treatments, orother injectable medicines. The fluid cartridge 120 may have otherconfigurations. For example, the fluid cartridge may comprise areservoir that is integral with the pump housing structure 110 (e.g.,the fluid cartridge can be defined by one or more walls of the pumphousing structure 110 that surround a plunger to define a reservoir inwhich the medicine is injected or otherwise received).

In some embodiments, the pump device 100 may include one or morestructures that interfere with the removal of the medicine cartridge 120after the medicine cartridge 120 is inserted into the cavity 116. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 1, the pump housing structure 110 may includeone or more retainer wings 119 that at least partially extend into thecavity 116 to engage a portion of the medicine cartridge 120 when themedicine cartridge 120 is installed therein. In this embodiment, thepump housing structure 110 includes a pair of opposing retainer wings119 (only one is shown in the view in FIG. 1) that flex toward the innersurface of the cavity 116 during insertion of the medicine cartridge120. After the medicine cartridge is inserted to a particular depth, theretainer wings 119 are biased to flex outward (toward the center of thecavity 116) so that the retainer wings 119 engage a neck portion 129 ofthe medicine cartridge 120. This engagement with the retainer wings 119and the neck portion 129 hinder any attempts to remove the medicinecartridge 120 away from the pump device 100.

Such a configuration may facilitate the “one-time-use” feature of thepump device 100. Because the retainer wings 119 interfere with attemptsto remove the medicine cartridge 120 from the pump device 100, the pumpdevice 100 will be discarded along with the medicine cartridge 120 afterthe medicine cartridge 120 is emptied, expired, or otherwise exhausted.The retainer wings 119 may serve to hinder attempts to remove theexhausted medicine cartridge 120 and to insert a new medicine cartridge120 into the previously used pump device 100. Accordingly, the pumpdevice 100 may operate in a tamper-resistant and safe manner because thepump device 100 can be designed with predetermined life expectancy(e.g., the “one-time-use” feature in which the pump device is discardedafter the medicine cartridge 120 is emptied, expired, or otherwiseexhausted).

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, the cap device 130 can be joined with thepump device 100 after the medicine cartridge is inserted in the cavity116. In this embodiment, the cap device 130 is multifunctional in thatit performs a number of functions for the pump device operation. Forexample, attachment of the cap device 130 may cause one or more of thefollowing preparatory functions: forcing the plunger 125 (FIG. 1) of thefluid cartridge 120 to engage with the piston rod (not shown), piercinga septum 121 of the fluid cartridge 120 to provide a flow path for thefluid, and priming the fluid cartridge 120 with a “break away” force toinitiate movement of the plunger 125 in the fluid cartridge 120. Inaddition or in the alternative, attachment of the cap device 130 mayalso cause one or more of the following safety related functions:aligning an occlusion sensor with the a portion of the fluid flow path,sealing the pump housing 110 (e.g., using a polymeric o-ring seal 131 orthe like) to resist migration of external contaminants into the cavity116, and ceasing or preventing the dispensation of fluid if the capdevice 130 is improperly engaged with the pump housing 110. In otherembodiments, the cap device 130 may supplement or replace the previouslydescribed retainer wings 119 by locking into position after joining withthe pump housing 110, thereby hindering removal of the fluid cartridge120 in the pump housing 110.

The cap device 130 can include one or more alignment tabs 132 thatoperate to ensure that the cap device 130 is joined with the pumphousing 110 in a selected orientation. For example, as shown in FIGS.2-3, the cap device 130 may include an output port 139 that connectswith tubing (e.g., FIG. 6) for dispensation of the medicine to the user.The output port 139 may have an angled orientation such that a portionof the tubing extends transversely to the central axis of the cartridge120 and cap device 130. The alignment tabs 132 arranged on the body ofthe cap device 130 can align with adjacent surfaces of the controllerhousing 210 to provide the selected orientation of the output portduring operation. If, for example, the cap device 130 were joined withthe pump housing 100 in an orientation that is 180-degrees off from theselected orientation, the alignment tabs 132 would receive interferencefrom the barrel channel 211 of the controller housing 210. As such, theuser would be unable to attach the pump device 100 to the controller200, thereby indicating to the user that the cap device 130 must bereoriented to the selected position.

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, the controller device 200 may be removablyattached to the pump device 100 so that the two components aremechanically mounted to one another in a fixed relationship. Such amechanical mounting can form an electrical connection between theremovable controller device 200 and the pump device 100. For example,the controller device 200 may be in electrical communication with aportion of a drive system (not shown in FIGS. 1-3) of the pump device100. As described in more detail below, the pump device 100 includes adrive system that causes controlled dispensation of the medicine orother fluid from the cartridge 120. In some embodiments, the drivesystem incrementally advances a piston rod (not shown in FIGS. 1-3)longitudinally into the cartridge 120 so that the fluid is forced out ofan output end 122. The septum 121 (FIG. 1) at the output end 122 of thefluid cartridge 120 can be pierced to permit fluid outflow when the capdevice 130 is connected to the pump housing structure 110 (described inmore detail below). Thus, when the pump device 100 and the controllerdevice 200 are attached and thereby electrically connected, thecontroller device 200 communicates electronic control signals via ahardwire-connection (e.g., electrical contacts or the like) to the drivesystem or other components of the pump device 100. In response to theelectrical control signals from the controller device 200, the drivesystem 300 (FIG. 17) of the pump device 100 causes medicine toincrementally dispense from the medicine cartridge 120.

In some embodiments, the controller device is configured to removablyattach to the pump device 100 in a side-by-side arrangement. As such,the controller device 200 can be electrically connected with the pumpdevice 100 while the controller device 200 remains outside of the pumphousing 110 (and, likewise, the pump device 100 remains outside of thecontroller housing 210). Accordingly, the pump device 100 and thecontroller device 200 can be separate components that fit together, butthe overall size of the combined assembly is reduced because there is norequirement for one component (e.g., the controller device) tocompletely surround or envelop the second component (e.g., the pumpdevice). The compact size permits the infusion pump system 10 to bediscrete and portable when the pump device 100 is attached with thecontroller device 200 (as shown in FIGS. 2-3). In this embodiment, thecontroller device 200 includes a controller housing structure 210 havinga number of features (e.g., a barrel channel 211, a rail 212, adepression 213, and a guide channel 214 a-b that is segmented by arelease latch 215) that are configured to mate with complementaryfeatures (e.g., a barrel 111, a slider channel 112, an mating extension113, and a segmented guide rail 114 a-b) of the pump housing structure110 so as to form a releasable mechanical connection (as shown, forexample, in FIGS. 1 and 4-5). Such mating features of the pump housingstructure 110 and the controller housing structure 210 can provide asecure connection in the previously described side-by-side arrangement.It should be understood that, in other embodiments, other features orconnector devices can be used to facilitate the side-by-side mountingarrangement. These other features or connector devices may include, forexample, magnetic attachment devices, mating tongues and grooves, or thelike.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pump device 100 may include an electricalconnector 118 (e.g., having conductive pads, pins, and the like) thatare exposed to the controller device 200 and that mate with acomplementary electrical connector (refer to connector 218 in FIG. 4) onthe adjacent face of the controller device 200. The electricalconnectors 118 and 218 provide the electrical communication between thecontrol circuitry (refer, for example, to FIG. 15) housed in thecontroller device 200 and at least a portion of the drive system orother components of the pump device 100. For example, in someembodiments, the electrical connectors 118 and 218 permit thetransmission of electrical control signals to the pump device 100 andthe reception of feedback signals (e.g., sensor signals) from particularcomponents within the pump device 100. Furthermore, as described in moredetail below, the infusion pump system 10 may include a gasket 140 thatprovides a seal that is resistant to migration of external contaminantswhen the pump device 100 is attached to the controller device 200. Thus,in some embodiments, the infusion pump system 10 can be assembled into awater resistant configuration that protects the electricalinterconnection from water migration (e.g., if the user encounters waterwhile carrying the pump system 10).

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, the controller device 200 includes a userinterface 220 that permits a user to monitor the operation of the pumpdevice 100. In some embodiments, the user interface 220 includes adisplay 222 and one or more user-selectable buttons (e.g., four buttons224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224 d in this embodiment). The display 222 mayinclude an active area in which numerals, text, symbols, images, or acombination thereof can be displayed (refer, for example, to FIG. 2).For example, the display 222 may be used to communicate a number ofsettings or menu options for the infusion pump system 10. In thisembodiment, the user may press one or more of the buttons 224 a, 224 b,224 c, and 224 d to shuffle through a number of menus or program screensthat show particular settings and data (e.g., review data that shows themedicine dispensing rate, the total amount of medicine dispensed in agiven time period, the amount of medicine scheduled to be dispensed at aparticular time or date, the approximate amount of medicine remaining inthe cartridge 120, or the like). In some embodiments, the user canadjust the settings or otherwise program the controller device 200 bypressing one or more buttons 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224 d of the userinterface 220. For example, the user may press one or more of thebuttons 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224 d to change the dispensation rateof insulin or to request that a bolus of insulin be dispensedimmediately or at a scheduled, later time. Also, the user can activatethe illumination instrument 230 on the controller device 200 by pressingone or more buttons 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224 d of the user interface220.

The display 222 of the user interface 220 may be configured to displayquick reference information when no buttons 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224d have been pressed. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the active area ofthe display 222 can display the time and the date for a period of timeafter no button 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, and 224 d has been actuated (e.g.,five seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, or the like).Thereafter, the display 222 may enter sleep mode in which the activearea is blank, thereby conserving battery power. In addition or in thealternative, the active area can display particular device settings,such as the current dispensation rate or the total medicine dispensed,for a period of time after no button 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, or 224 d hasbeen actuated (e.g., five seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5minutes, or the like). Again, thereafter the display 222 may enter sleepmode to conserve battery power. In certain embodiments, the display 222can dim after a first period of time in which no button 224 a, 224 b,224 c, or 224 d has been actuated (e.g., after 15 seconds or the like),and then the display 22 can enter sleep mode and become blank after asecond period of time in which no button 224 a, 224 b, 224 c, or 224 dhas been actuated (e.g., after 30 seconds or the like). Thus, thedimming of the display device 222 can alert a user viewing the displaydevice 222 when the active area 223 of the display device will soonbecome blank.

Accordingly, when the controller device 200 is connected to the pumpdevice 100, the user is provided with the opportunity to readily monitorinfusion pump operation by simply viewing the user interface 220 of thecontroller device 200 connected to the pump device 100. Such monitoringcapabilities may provide comfort to a user who may have urgent questionsabout the current operation of the pump device 100 (e.g., the user maybe unable to receive immediate answers if wearing an infusion pumpdevice having no user interface attached thereto).

Also, in these embodiments, there may be no need for the user to carryand operate a separate module to monitor the operation of the infusionpump device 100, thereby simplifying the monitoring process and reducingthe number of devices that must be carried by the user. If a need arisesin which the user desires to monitor the operation of the pump device100 or to adjust settings of the pump system 10 (e.g., to request abolus amount of medicine), the user can readily operate the userinterface 220 of the controller device 200, which is removably attachedto the pump device 100, without the requirement of locating andoperating a separate monitoring module.

In other embodiments, the user interface 200 is not limited to thedisplay and buttons depicted in FIGS. 1-3. For example, in someembodiments, the user interface 220 may include only one button or mayinclude a greater numbers of buttons, such as two buttons three buttons,four buttons, five buttons, or more. In another example, the userinterface 220 of the controller device 200 may include a touch screen sothat a user may select buttons defined by the active area of the touchscreen display. Alternatively, the user interface 220 may comprise audioinputs or outputs so that a user can monitor the operation of the pumpdevice 100.

Referring now to FIGS. 4-5, when the infusion pump system 10 operates,the controller device 200 is removably attached to the pump device 100in a side-by-side arrangement. For example, the pump device 100 may bemoved in a longitudinal direction (e.g., refer to direction 219 in FIG.13) toward the controller device 200 until the complementary featuresconnect and secure the separate components in the side-by-sidearrangement. In these circumstances, the pump device 100 and thecontroller device 200 can be separate components that fit together, butthe overall size of the combined assembly is reduced because there is norequirement for one component (e.g., the controller device or pumpdevice) to surround or envelop the second component (e.g., the pumpdevice or controller device). Moreover, in some embodiments, the pumpdevice 100 and controller device 200 can be readily attached togetherwith a “one-movement” process that is convenient to the user (describedin more detail below).

In this embodiment, the controller device 200 includes a controllerhousing structure 210 having a number of features that are configured tomate with complementary features of the pump housing structure 110 so asto form a releasable mechanical connection. For example, the pumphousing structure 110 may include a barrel 111 that mates with acomplementary barrel channel 211 of the controller housing 210. Also,the pump housing 110 includes slider channel 112 that slidably engages acomplementary rail 212 defined by the controller housing 210. The sliderchannel 112 can guide the relative motion between the pump device 100and the controller device 200 in the longitudinal direction during theattachment process. Similarly, the pump housing 110 may include asegmented rail 114 a-b (FIG. 1) that mates with a guide channel 214 a-bto direct the relative longitudinal motion between the pump device 100and the controller device 200. As described in more detail below, thesegmented rails 114 a-b may interact with the release member 215 so asto releasably secure the pump device 100 into assembly with thecontroller device 200. In addition, the pump housing 110 may include anextension 113 (FIG. 1) that mates with a depression 213 (FIG. 4) in thecontroller housing 210 when the pump device 100 is fully attached to thecontroller device 200.

Still referring to FIGS. 4-5, when the pump device 100 is advanced inthe longitudinal direction toward the controller device 200 as guided bythe slider channel 112 and the segmented rails 114 a-b, the electricalconnector 118 (FIG. 5) of the pump device 100 is directed towardengagement with the mating connector 218 (FIG. 4) of the controllerdevice 200. As the connectors 118 and 218 join together to form theelectrical connection, the release member 215 is shifted to a positionbetween the segmented rails 114 a-b so as to prevent withdrawal of theconnection. Also, when the connectors 118 and 218 are mated, theextension 113 and barrel 111 are mated with the corresponding depression213 and barrel channel 211 so as to resist relative rotational movementbetween the pump device 100 and the controller device 200. In thisembodiment, the physical attachment of the electrical connectors 118 and218 may also serve to resist relative rotational movement between thepump device 100 and the controller device 200. Furthermore, when theconnectors 118 and 218 are mated, the slide channel 112 is mated withthe corresponding rail 112 and barrel channel 211 so as to resistrelative side-to-side movement between the pump device 100 and thecontroller device 200.

Accordingly, the pump device 100 is configured to removably attach tothe controller device 200 in a manner that provides a secure fitting, anoverall compact size, and a reliable electrical connection. When thepump device 100 and the controller device 200 are arranged in thisside-by-side configuration, the controller device 200 can beelectrically connected with the pump device 100 while the controllerdevice 200 remains outside of the pump housing 110 (and, likewise, thepump device 100 remains outside of the controller housing 210). As such,the overall size of the assembled system 10 can be minimized, therebyproviding an infusion pump system 10 having a discrete size and enhancedportability.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the attachment of the pump device 100to the controller device 200 can be accomplished by a user with aconvenient “one-movement” process. For example, as previously described,the user can readily slide the pump device 100 and the controller device200 toward one another in a single movement (e.g., in the longitudinaldirection) that causes both a physical connection and an electricalconnection. As described in more detail below in connection with FIGS.9-14, the release member 215 may be arranged so as to automaticallyadjust to a locked position when the pump device 100 is advanced intoengagement with the controller device 200. Thus, the infusion pumpsystem 10 permits users to readily join the pump device 100 and thecontroller device 200 without compound or otherwise difficult handmovements—a feature that can be beneficial to child users or to elderlyusers.

It should be understood that, in other embodiments, other features orconnector devices can be used to facilitate the side-by-side mountingarrangement. These other features or connector devices may include, forexample, magnetic attachment device, mating tongues and grooves,mounting protrusions that friction fit into mating cavities, or thelike.

Still referring to FIGS. 4-5, the pump device 100 and the controllerdevice 200 can be attached in a manner that is resistant to migration ofexternal contaminants (e.g., water, dirt, and the like) both into thepump housing structure 110 and the controller housing structure 210. Forexample, when the pump device 100 is advanced in the longitudinaldirection toward the controller device 200 (as guided by the sliderchannel 112 and the segmented rails 114 a-b), the electrical connector118 (FIG. 5) of the pump device 100 is directed toward engagement withthe mating connector 218 (FIG. 4) of the controller device 200. When theconnectors 118 and 218 join together to form the electrical connection,the gasket 140 is compressed between the adjacent surfaces of the pumphousing 110 and the controller housing 210. The gasket 140 thereby formsa water-resistant seal between the ambient environment and the matedconnectors 118 and 218.

The gasket 140 may comprise a polymer foam material that is adhered to asurface of either the pump housing 110 or the controller housing 210(e.g., adhered to the pump housing 110 in this embodiment). The gasket140 may be die cut to a selected shape so as to include an aperture forthe electrical connection. Thus, in this embodiment, the gasket 140surrounds the electrical connection when the pump device 100 is securedto the controller device 200. The configuration provides protection fromwater migration to one or both of the electrical connectors 118 and 218.Accordingly, in particular circumstances, the infusion pump system 10can be assembled into a “water tight” configuration that protectssensitive internal components from water migration in the event that theuser encounters water while wearing the pump system 10. In one example,the gasket 140 may resist migration of water to the electricalconnectors 118 and 218 even when the system 10 is submerged underwater(e.g., in a pool, in a bath, or the like) for an extended period oftime, such as at least 10 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least onehour, at least two hours, and preferably at least four hours.

As shown in FIG. 5, the gasket 140 is arranged to extend generallyperpendicular to the assembly motion when the pump device 100 is beingattached to the controller device. For example, the pump device 100 canbe attached to the controller device 200 by moving the pump device 100in the longitudinal direction (e.g., refer to direction 219 in FIG. 13).The gasket 140 includes a major interface surface extends in a generallylateral direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal assemblymotion. Because the gasket 140 extends in a direction (e.g., the lateraldirection in this embodiments) that is generally perpendicular to theattachment direction (the longitudinal direction in this embodiment),the gasket 140 can be sufficiently compressed to form a seal when theuser performs the “one-movement” process to attach the pump device 100and the controller device 200.

In addition, other paths for migration of external contaminants into theassembled pump system 10 may be sealed. For example, the pump system 10may include one or more seals that are arranged to hinder migration ofexternal contaminants between the cap device 130 and the pump housing110 into the cavity 116 of the pump device 100. In this embodiment, theseal 131 arranged between the cap device 130 and the barrel 111 canprovide an effective water-resistant seal against water migration intothe cavity. As such, the medicine cartridge 120 and pump drive system(not shown in FIGS. 4-5) can be protected during operation.

Still referring to FIGS. 4-5, some embodiments of the infusion pumpsystem 10 may employ a power source arranged in pump device 100 or thecontroller device 200 that draws upon surrounding air for optimumoperation. Because the controller device 200 and the pump device 100 maybe sealed to resist water migration during normal usage, awater-resistant vent instrument 145 may be used to provide the air tothe power source without permitting migration of water therethrough. Forexample, in this embodiment, the pump device 100 may house a powersource in the form of a zinc-air cell battery 345 (FIG. 17), which drawsupon the surrounding air during operation. When the pump device 100 isin use, the pump housing 110 is preferably sealed to protect theinternal drive system 300 (FIG. 17) and medicine cartridge from watermigration. As such, the pump housing 110 may include a water-resistantvent instrument disposed proximate to the zinc-air cell battery 345 sothat some air may pass through the vent and toward the battery. Thewater-resistant vent instrument may include one or more layers of amaterial that is permeable to air and resistant to passage of liquidssuch as water. For example, the water-resistant vent instrument mayinclude one or more layers of a GORE-TEX material to resist themigration of water into the pump device while permitting the passage ofair toward the battery.

Accordingly, the pump device 100 and the controller device 200 can bemounted to one another so that the assembled system 10 is resistant towater migration both into the pump housing structure 110 and thecontroller housing structure 210. Such a configuration may also providewater-resistant protection for the electrical connection between thepump device 100 and the controller 200. Thus, the sensitive internalcomponents in the controller device 200 and the pump device 100 can bereliably protected from water migration if the user encounters water(e.g., rain, incidental splashing, and the like) while using the pumpsystem 10.

Referring to FIGS. 6-8, the infusion pump system 10 may be configured tobe portable and can be wearable and concealable. For example, a user canconveniently wear the infusion pump system 10 on the user's skin (e.g.,skin adhesive) underneath the user's clothing or carry the pump device100 in the user's pocket (or other portable location) while receivingthe medicine dispensed from the pump device 100. The drive system of thepump device 100 may be arranged in a compact manner so that the pumpdevice 100 has a reduced length. For example, in the circumstances inwhich the medicine cartridge 120 has a length of about 6 cm to about 7cm (about 6.4 cm in one embodiment), the overall length of the pumphousing structure 110 (which contains medicine cartridge and the drivesystem) can be about 7 cm to about 10 cm and about 7 cm to about 9 cm(about 8.3 cm or less in one embodiment). In addition, the pump housingstructure 110 may have an overall height of about 2 cm to about 4 cm(about 3.1 cm or less in one embodiment) and an overall thickness ofabout 8 mm to about 20 mm (about 17.5 mm or less in one embodiment). Insuch circumstances, the controller device 200 can be figured to matewith the pump housing 110 so that, when removably attached to oneanother, the components define a portable infusion pump system thatstores a relatively large quantity of medicine compared to the overallsize of the unit. For example, in this embodiment, the infusion pumpsystem 10 (including the removable controller device 200 attached to thepump device 100 having the cap 130) may have an overall length of about7 cm to about 10 cm (about 9.3 cm or less in one embodiment), an overallheight of about 2 cm to about 5 cm (about 4.2 cm or less in oneembodiment), and an overall thickness of about 8 mm to about 20 mm(about 17.5 mm or less in one embodiment).

The infusion pump system 10 is shown in FIG. 6 as being held in a user'shand 5 so as to illustrate an exemplary size of the system 10 inaccordance with some embodiments. This embodiment of the infusion pumpsystem 10 is compact so that the user can wear the system 10 (e.g., inthe user's pocket, connected to a belt clip, adhered to the user's skin,or the like) without the need for carrying and operating a separatemodule. In such embodiments, the cap device 130 of the pump device 100may be configured to mate with an infusion set 146. In general, theinfusion set 146 is tubing system that connects the infusion pump system10 to the tissue or vasculature of the user (e.g., to deliver medicineinto the tissue or vasculature under the user's skin)

The infusion set 146 may include a flexible tube 147 that extends fromthe pump device 100 to a subcutaneous cannula 149 retained by a skinadhesive patch 148 that secures the subcutaneous cannula 149 to theinfusion site. The skin adhesive patch 148 can retain the infusioncannula 149 in fluid communication with the tissue or vasculature of thepatient so that the medicine dispensed through the tube 147 passesthrough the cannula 149 and into the user's body. The cap device 130 mayprovide fluid communication between the output end 122 (FIG. 1) of themedicine cartridge 120 and the tube 147 of the infusion set 146. Forexample, the tube 147 may be directly connected to the output port 139(FIG. 1) of the cap device 130. In another example, the infusion set 146may include a connector (e.g., a Leur connector or the like) attached tothe tube 147, and the connector can then mate with the cap device 130 toprovide the fluid communication to the tube 147. In these examples, theuser can carry the portable infusion pump system 10 (e.g., in the user'spocket, connected to a belt clip, adhered to the user's skin, or thelike) while the tube 147 extends to the location in which the skin ispenetrated for infusion. If the user desires to monitor the operation ofthe pump device 100 or to adjust the settings of the infusion pumpsystem 10, the user can readily access the user interface 220 of thecontroller device 200 without the need for carrying and operating aseparate module (refer for example to FIG. 6).

Referring to FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the infusion pump system 10 ispocket-sized so that the pump device 100 and controller device 200 canbe worn in the user's pocket 6 or in another portion of the user'sclothing. For example, the pump device 100 and the controller device 200can be attached together and form the system that comfortably fits intoa user's pocket 6. The user can carry the portable infusion pump system10 and use the tube 147 of the infusion set 146 extends to direct thedispensed medicine to the desired infusion site. In some circumstances,the user may desire to wear the infusion pump system 10 in a morediscrete manner. Accordingly, the user may pass the tube 147 from thepocket 6, under the user's clothing, and to the infusion site where theadhesive patch 148 is positioned. As such, the pump system 10 can beused to delivery medicine to the tissues or vasculature of the user in aportable, concealable, and discrete manner.

Referring to FIG. 8, in other embodiments, the infusion pump system 10may be configured to adhere to the user's skin 7 directly at thelocation in which the skin is penetrated for medicine infusion. Forexample, a rear surface 102 (FIG. 3) of the pump device 100 may includea skin adhesive patch so that the pump device 100 is physically adheredto the skin of the user at a particular location. In these embodiments,the cap device 130 may have a configuration in which medicine passesdirectly from the cap device 130 into an infusion cannula 149 that ispenetrated into the user's skin. In one example, the fluid output port139 through the cap device 130 can include a curve or a 90° corner sothat the medicine flow path extends longitudinally out of the medicinecartridge and thereafter laterally toward the patient's skin 7. Again,if the user desires to monitor the operation of the pump device 100 orto adjust the settings of the infusion pump system 10, the user canreadily access the user interface 220 of the controller device 200without the need for carrying and operating a second, separate device.For example, the user may look toward the pump device 100 to view theuser interface 220 of the controller device 200 that is removablyattached thereto. In another example, the user can temporarily detachthe controller device 200 (while the pump device 100 remains adhered tothe skin 7) so as to view and interact with the user interface 220.

Referring now to FIGS. 9-14, the infusion pump system 10 can be operatedsuch that the pump device 100 is a disposable, non-reusable componentwhile the controller device 200 is a reusable component. In thesecircumstances, the pump device 100 may be configured as a “one-time-use”device that is discarded after the medicine cartridge is emptied,expired, or otherwise exhausted. Thus, in some embodiments, the pumpdevice 100 may be designed to have an expected operational life of about1 day to about 30 days, about 1 day to about 20 days, about 1 to about14 days, or about 1 day to about 7 days—depending on the volume ofmedicine in the cartridge 120, the dispensation patterns that areselected for the individual user, and other factors. For example, insome embodiments, the medicine cartridge 120 containing insulin may havean expected usage life about 7 days after the cartridge is removed froma refrigerated state and the septum 121 is punctured. In somecircumstances, the dispensation pattern selected by the user can causethe insulin to be emptied from the medicine cartridge 120 before the7-day period. If the insulin is not emptied from the medicine cartridge120 after the 7-day period, the remaining insulin may become expiredsometime thereafter. In either case, the pump device 100 and themedicine cartridge 120 therein can be discarded after exhaustion of themedicine cartridge 120 (e.g., after being emptied, expired, or otherwisenot available for use).

The controller device 200, however, may be reused with subsequent newpump devices 100′ and new medicine cartridges 120′. As such, the controlcircuitry, the user interface components, and other components that mayhave relatively higher manufacturing costs can be reused over a longerperiod of time. For example, in some embodiments, the controller device200 may be designed to have an expected operational life of about 1 yearto about 7 years, about 2 years to about 6 years, or about 3 years toabout 5 years—depending on a number of factors including the usageconditions for the individual user. Accordingly, the user is permittedto reuse the controller device 200 (which may include complex orvaluable electronics) while disposing of the relatively low-cost pumpdevice 100 after each use. Such a pump system 10 can provide enhanceduser safety as a new pump device 100′ (and drive system therein) isemployed with each new fluid cartridge 120.

Referring to FIGS. 9-10, the pump device 100 can be readily removed fromthe controller device 200 when the medicine cartridge 120 is exhausted.As previously described, the medicine cartridge 120 is inserted into thecavity 116 (FIG. 1) of the pump housing 110 where it is retained by thecap device 130. In some embodiments, a portion of the pump housing 110can comprise a transparent or translucent material so that at least aportion of the medicine cartridge 120 is viewable therethrough. Forexample, the user may want to visually inspect the medicine cartridgewhen the plunger 125 is approaching the output end 122 of the medicinecartridge, thereby providing a visual indication that the medicinecartridge may be emptied in the near future. In this embodiment, thebarrel 111 of the pump housing 110 comprises a generally transparentpolymer material so that the user can view the medicine cartridge 120 todetermine if the plunger 125 is nearing the end of its travel length.Optionally, some embodiments of the pump device 100 may include a label117 a that is adhered around the barrel 111. The label 117 a may providea convenient location for basic user instructions, productidentification information, and other information related to theinfusion pump system 10. To provide enhanced viewability of the medicinecartridge 120 through the label 117 a, the label 117 a may include awindow 117 b through which the user may visually inspect if the plunger125 is nearing the end of its travel length.

As shown in FIG. 9, the pump device 100 has been used to a point atwhich the medicine cartridge 120 is exhausted. The plunger 125 has beenadvanced, toward the left in FIG. 9, over a period of time so that allor most of the medicine has been dispensed from the cartridge 120. Insome embodiments, the controller device 200 may provide a visual oraudible alert when this occurs so as to remind the user that a newmedicine cartridge is needed. In addition or in the alternative, theuser may visually inspect the medicine cartridge 120 through the barrel111 of the pump housing 110 (and through the window 117 b of the label117 a in this embodiment) to determine if the medicine cartridge 120 isalmost empty. When the user determines that a new medicine cartridge 120should be employed, the pump device 100 can be readily separated fromthe controller device 200 by actuating the release member 215. In thisembodiment, the release member 215 is a latch on the controller device200 that is biased toward a locking position to engage the pump device100. The latch may be arranged to engage one or more features on alateral side of the pump housing 110. As such, the user may actuate therelease member 215 by moving the release member 215 in a lateraldirection 216 (FIG. 9) away from the pump device 100 (e.g., by applyinga force with the user's finger).

As shown in FIG. 10, when the release member 215 is actuated and movedto a position away from the pump device 100, the segmented guide rail114 a-b is free to slide longitudinally in the guide channel 214 a-bwithout interference from the release member 215. Accordingly, the usercan move the pump device 100 in a longitudinal direction 217 away fromthe controller device 200. For example, the segmented guide rail 114 a-bmay slide along the guide channel 214 a-b, the extension 113 (FIG. 1)may be withdrawn from the mating depression 213 (FIG. 10), and theelectrical connector 118 can be separated from the mating connector 218.In these circumstances, the pump device 100 is physically andelectrically disconnected from the controller device 200 while the pumpdevice retains the exhausted medicine cartridge 120.

In some embodiments, the gasket 140 compressed between the pump device100 and the controller device 200 may comprise a resilient material. Insuch circumstances, the gasket 140 can provide a spring-action thaturges the pump device 100 to shift a small amount away from thecontroller device 200 when the release member 215 is moved to theunlocked position (e.g., move in the lateral direction 216 in theembodiment shown in FIG. 9). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the pumpdevice 100 can automatically and sharply move a small distance (e.g.,about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm) away from the controller 200 when therelease member 215 is moved to the unlocked position. Such an automaticseparation provides a convenient start for the user to detach the pumpdevice 100 away from the controller device 200. Furthermore, thisautomatic separation caused by the spring-action of the gasket 140 canprovide a swift disconnect between the electrical connectors 118 and 218when the pump device 100 is being replaced.

Referring to FIGS. 11-12, the same controller device 200 can be reusedwith a new pump device 100′ having a new medicine cartridge 120′retained therein, and the previously used pump device 100 can bediscarded with the exhausted medicine cartridge 120. The new pump device100′ (FIG. 11) can have a similar appearance, form factor, and operationas the previously used pump device 100 (FIGS. 9,10 and 12), and thus thenew pump device 100′ can be readily attached to the controller device200 for controlled dispensation of medicine from the new medicinecartridge 120′. In some embodiments, the user may prepare the new pumpdevice 100 for use with the controller device 200. For example, the usermay insert the new medicine cartridge 120′ in the cavity 116 of the newpump device 100′ and then join the cap device 130 to the pump housing toretain the new medicine cartridge 120′ therein (refer, for example, toFIG. 1). Although the tubing 147 of the infusion set 146 is not shown inFIG. 11, it should be understood that the tubing 147 may be attached tothe cap device 130 prior to the cap device 130 being joined with thehousing 110. For example, a new infusion set 146 can be connected to thecap device 130 so that the tubing 147 can be primed (e.g., a selectedfunction of the pump device 100 controlled by the controller 200) beforeattaching the infusion set patch to the user's skin. As shown in FIG.11, the new medicine cartridge 120′ may be filled with medicine suchthat the plunger 125 is not viewable through the barrel 111.

As shown in FIG. 12, the previously used pump device 100 that wasseparated from the controller device 200 (as described in connectionwith FIGS. 9-10) may be discarded after a single use. In thesecircumstances, the pump device 100 may be configured as a disposable“one-time-use” device that is discarded by the user after the medicinecartridge 120 is emptied, is expired, has ended its useful life, or isotherwise exhausted. For example, the pump device 100 may be discardedinto a bin 20, which may include a trash bin or a bin specificallydesignated for discarded medical products. Thus, the user is permittedto dispose of the relatively low-cost pump device 100 after each usewhile reusing the controller device 200 (which may include complex orvaluable electronics) with subsequent new pumps 100′. Also, in somecircumstances, the infusion set 146 (not shown in FIG. 12, refer to FIG.6) that was used with the pump device 100 may be removed from the userand discarded into the bin 20 along with the pump device 100.Alternatively, the infusion set 146 can be disconnected from theprevious pump device 100 and attached to the new pump device 100′. Inthese circumstances, the user may detach the infusion set cannula andpatch from the skin so as to “re-prime” the tubing with medicine fromthe new pump device 100′ to remove air pockets from the tubing.Thereafter, the infusion set cannula and patch can be again secured tothe user's skin.

Referring to FIGS. 13-14, the new pump device 100′ can be removablyattached to the controller device 200 to assemble into the infusion pumpsystem 10 for delivery of medicine to the user. Before the pump device100 is electrically connected with the controller device 200, the usermay prepare the new pump device 100′ for use by pulling the removabletab 141 away from the pump housing 110. In this embodiment, the new pumpdevice 100′ includes the removable tab 141 to seal the battery in theunused pump device 100′ and thereby maintain the battery in a storagemode (refer, for example, to FIG. 12 in which the removable tab 141 isarranged to cover an internal face of the vent 115). As described inmore detail below, when the new pump device 100′ is prepared for usage,the removable tab 141 can be pulled away from the pump housing 110 (andaway from the battery therein), which switches the battery into anactivation mode. Thus, the shelf-life of the pump device 100′ (prior tousage with the controller device 200) may be extended by sealing thebattery in a storage mode because little, if any, energy is dissipatedfrom the battery when in the storage mode.

The pump device 100′ can be connected to the controller device 200 byadvancing the pump device 100′ in a longitudinal direction 219 (FIG. 13)toward the controller device 200. When the pump device 100′ is advancedin the longitudinal direction 219 toward the controller device 200, themovement is guided by the slider channel 112 (FIGS. 4-5) and thesegmented rails 114 a-b. In particular, the slider channel 112 of thepump housing engages the rail 212 of the controller housing 210. Also,the front portion of the segmented rail 114 a slides into the rearportion of the guide channel 214 b. In this embodiment, the frontportion of the segmented rail 114 a includes a ramp surface 114 c (referalso to FIG. 1) that engages a complementary ramp surface 215 c (FIG. 4)of the release member 215 to thereby force the release member 215 awayfrom the guide channel 214 a-b during advancement of the pump device100′. The release member 215 is temporarily forced away from the guidechannel 214 a-b so that the front portion of the segmented rail 114 apasses over the release member 215, which enables the electricalconnector 118 of the pump device 100′ to engage with the matingconnector 218 of the controller device 200. As the connectors 118 and218 join together to form the electrical connection, the release member215 biased to return to its latched position and is shifted to aposition in the guide channel 214 a-b between the segmented rails 114a-b so as to prevent withdrawal of the pump device 100′.

Also, when the connectors 118 and 218 are mated, the extension 113(FIG. 1) and barrel 111 are mated with the corresponding depression 213and barrel channel 211 so as to resist relative rotational movementbetween the pump device 100 and the controller device 200. In thisembodiment, the physical attachment of electrical connectors 118 and 218may also serve to resist relative rotational movement between the pumpdevice 100 and the controller device 200. Furthermore, when theconnectors 118 and 218 are mated, the slide channel 112 is mated withthe corresponding rail 112 (FIG. 1) and barrel channel 211 so as toresist relative side-to-side movement between the pump device 100 andthe controller device 200.

As previously described, the guided motion in the longitudinal direction219 provides the user with a convenient “one-movement” process to attachthe pump device 100′ and the controller device 200. For example, theuser can readily slide the pump device 100′ and the controller device200 toward one another in a single movement (e.g., in the longitudinaldirection) that causes both a physical connection and an electricalconnection. Thus, the infusion pump system 10 permits users to readilyjoin the pump device 100′ and the controller device 200 without compoundor otherwise difficult hand movements—a feature that can be beneficialto child users or to elderly users.

As shown in FIG. 14, when the pump device 100′ is fully advanced andattached to the controller device 200, the gasket 140 is compressedbetween the opposing surfaces of the pump housing 110 and the controllerhousing 210. Such a configuration provides a water-resistance sealaround the electrical connection that protects the sensitive internalcomponents of the pump device 100′ and the controller device 200 fromdamage or malfunction. Although the tubing 147 of the infusion set 146is not shown in FIGS. 13-14, it should be understood that the tubing 147may be attached to the cap device 130 to provide a fluid path from thenew pump device 100′ to the user.

Accordingly, the pump device 100′ can removably attach to the controllerdevice 200 in a manner that provides a secure fitting, an overallcompact size, and a reliable electrical connection. When the pump device100′ and the controller device 200 are arranged in this side-by-sideconfiguration, the controller device 200 can be electrically connectedwith the pump device 100′ while the controller device 200 remainsoutside of the pump housing 110 (and, likewise, the pump device 100remains outside of the controller housing 210). As such, the overallsize of the system 10 can be minimized, thereby providing an infusionpump system having a discrete size and enhanced portability.

Referring now to FIG. 15, the controller device 200 (shown in anexploded view) houses a number of components that can be reused with aseries of successive pump devices 100. In particular, the controllerdevice 200 includes control circuitry 240 arranged in the controllerhousing 210 that is configured to communicate control signals to thedrive system of the pump device 100. In this embodiment, the controlcircuitry 240 includes a main processor board 242 that is incommunication with a power supply board 244. The control circuitry 240includes at least one processor 243 that coordinates the electricalcommunication to and from the controller device 200 (e.g., communicationbetween the controller device 200 and the pump device 100). Theprocessor 243 can be arranged on the main processor board 242 along witha number of other electrical components such as memory devices. Itshould be understood that, although the main processor board 242 isdepicted as a printed circuit board, the main processor board can haveother forms, including multiple boards, a flexible circuit substrate,and other configurations that permit the processor 243 to operate. Thecontrol circuitry 240 can be programmable in that the user may provideone or more instructions to adjust a number of settings for theoperation of the system 10. Such settings may be stored in the memorydevices arranged in the control circuitry 240. Furthermore, the controlcircuitry 240 may include one or more dedicated memory devices thatstore executable software instructions for the processor 243. Thecontrol circuitry 240 may include other components, such as sensors,that are electrically connected to the main processor board 242. Forexample, at least a portion of the occlusion sensor 250 (not shown inFIG. 15) can be electrically connected to the main processor board 242via a flexible circuit substrate or one or more wires.

Still referring to FIG. 15, the user interface 220 of the controllerdevice 200 can include input components, output components, or both thatare electrically connected to the control circuitry 240. For example, inthis embodiment, the user interface 220 includes a display device 222having an active area that outputs information to a user and fourbuttons 224 a-d that receive input from the user. Here, the display 222may be used to communicate a number of settings or menu options for thesystem 10. In this embodiment, the control circuitry 240 may receive theinput commands from the user's button selections and thereby cause thedisplay device 222 to output a number of menus or program screens thatshow particular settings and data (e.g., review data that shows themedicine dispensing rate, the total amount of medicine dispensed in agiven time period, the amount of medicine scheduled to be dispensed at aparticular time or date, the approximate amount of medicine remainingthe cartridge 120, or the like). As previously described, the controllercircuit 240 can be programmable in that the input commands from thebutton selections can cause the controller circuit 240 to change any oneof a number of settings for the infusion pump system 100.

Some embodiments of the control circuitry 240 may include a cableconnector (e.g., a USB connection port or another data cable port) thatis accessible on an external portion of the controller housing 210. Assuch, a cable may be connected to the control circuitry 240 to uploaddata or program settings to the controller circuit or to download datafrom the control circuitry 240. For example, historical data of medicinedelivery can be downloaded from the control circuitry 240 (via the cableconnector) to a computer system of a physician or a user for purposes ofanalysis and program adjustments. Optionally, the data cable may alsoprovide recharging power.

Still referring to FIG. 15, the control circuitry 240 of the controllerdevice 200 may include a second power source 245 that can receiveelectrical energy from a first power source 345 (FIG. 17) housed in thepump device 100. In this embodiment, the second power source 245 iscoupled to the power supply board 244 of the control circuitry 240. Thehard-wired transmission of the electrical energy can occur through thepreviously described connectors 118 and 218 (FIGS. 4-5). In suchcircumstances, the first power source 345 (FIG. 17) may include a highdensity battery that is capable of providing a relatively large amountof electrical energy for its package size, while the second power source245 (FIG. 15) may include a high current-output battery that is capabledischarging a brief current burst to power the drive system 300 of thepump device 100. Accordingly, the first battery 345 (FIG. 17) disposedin the pump device 100 can be used to deliver electrical energy overtime (e.g., “trickle charge”) to the second battery 245 when thecontroller device 200 is removably attached to the pump device 100. Forexample, as previously described, the first battery 345 (FIG. 17) maycomprise a zinc-air cell battery. The zinc-air cell battery may have alarge volumetric energy density compared to some other battery types.For example, the zinc-air cell battery may have a volumetric energydensity of greater than about 900 Watt-hours/Liter (Wh/L), about 1000Wh/L to about 1700 Wh/L, and about 1200 Wh/L to about 1600 Wh/L. Also,the zinc-air cell battery may have a long storage life, especially inthose embodiments in which the battery is sealed (e.g., by the removabletab 141 or the like) during storage and before activation. One exemplaryzinc-air cell battery provides a potential voltage of about 1.1V toabout 1.6V (about 1.2V to about 1.4 V, and about 1.3 V in oneembodiment), a current output of about 8 mA to about 12 mA (about 10 mAin one embodiment), and a storage capacity of greater than about 600mA•h (about 650 mA•h in one embodiment).

As shown in FIG. 15, the second battery 245 may include a highcurrent-output device that is housed inside the controller housing 210.The second battery 245 can be charged over a period of time by the firstbattery 345 (FIG. 17) and then intermittently deliver high-currentbursts to the drive system 300 over a brief moment of time. For example,the second battery 245 may comprise a lithium-polymer battery. Thelithium polymer battery disposed in the controller device 200 may havean initial current output that is greater than the zinc-air cell batterydisposed in the pump device 100, but zinc-air cell battery may have anenergy density that is greater than the lithium polymer battery (e.g.,the lithium polymer battery disposed in the controller device 200 mayhave a volumetric energy density of less than about 600 Wh/L). Inaddition, the lithium-polymer battery 245 is readily rechargeable, whichpermits the zinc-air battery disposed in the pump device 100 to provideelectrical energy to the lithium-polymer battery 245 for purposes ofrecharging. One exemplary lithium-polymer battery provides a initialcurrent output of about greater than 80 mA (about 90 mA to about 110 mA,and about 100 mA in one embodiment) and a maximum potential voltage ofabout 4.0V to and 4.4V (about 4.2 V in one embodiment). In otherembodiments, it should be understood that the second power source 245may comprise a capacitor device capable of being recharged over time andintermittently discharging a current burst to activate the drive system300.

Accordingly, the infusion pump system 10 having two power sources 245,345, one arranged in the pump device 100 and another arranged in thereusable controller device 200, permits a user to continually operatethe controller device 200 without having to recharge a battery via awall-plug or other cable. Because the controller device 200 can bereusable with a number of pump devices 100 (e.g., attach the new pumpdevice 100′ after the previous pump device 100 is expended anddisposed), the second power source 245 in the controller device 200 canbe recharged over a period of time each time a new pump device 100 isconnected thereto. Such a configuration can be advantageous in thoseembodiments in which the pump device 100 is configured to be adisposable, one-time-use device that attaches to a reusable controllerdevice 200. For example, in those embodiments, the “disposable” pumpdevices 100 recharge the second power source 245 in the “reusable”controller device 200, thereby reducing or possibly eliminating the needfor separate recharging of the controller device 200 via a power cordplugged into a wall outlet.

Still referring to FIG. 15, the control circuitry 240 includes anexternal reference system 230 having a receiver 232 and an externalreference circuitry 234. The receiver 232 communicates with the externalreference circuitry 234 and receives a signal indicative of a time, adate, or both from a remote time and date reference source 235 (or 236).For example, the remote time and date reference source 235 (or 236) mayinclude a radio transmitter, a satellite, a cellular telephone tower, orother signal broadcasting source. As explained in further detail below,the remote reference source 235 (or 236) broadcasts a reference signalthat may be contemporaneously broadcasted or otherwise transmitted tomultiple devices including, but not limited to, the portable medicaldevices, such as the infusion pump system 10, described herein. Thus, inthese embodiments, the broadcast signal is not necessarily transmittedexclusively to a targeted device, but can be transmitted over a broadgeographical area and can be received by more than one device (e.g., theinfusion pump system 10, other medical devices, cell phones, GPS monitordevices, radio devices, and others).

In this embodiment, the receiver 232 is illustrated as extending to aregion along the controller housing 210. In alternative embodiments, thereceiver 232 can be fully housed within the controller housing 210. Inresponse to receiving the broadcast signal indicative of the time/datefrom the remote time and date reference source 235 (or 236), thereceiver 232 sends a corresponding signal to the external referencecircuitry 234. The external reference circuitry 234 processes the signaland sends a time/date update signal to the processor 243 of the controlcircuitry 240, which regulates operation of the infusion pump system 10based thereon. The processor 243 can include an internal referencecircuitry, which is automatically updated based on the time/date updatesignal.

This automatic update may occur at predetermined events. For example,the automatic update may occur upon replacement of a battery, atregularly scheduled intervals (e.g., every 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes, everyhour, every few hours, twice daily, once daily, as a few examples). Inalternative embodiments, the automatic update may occur continuously.

The external reference system 230 enables the infusion pump system 10(FIG. 1) to have an internally stored reference time that is updated byan external time signal. The external time signal may include abroadcast signal generated by a radio clock transmitter, a cellulartelephone system and/or a global positioning system (GPS). In thismanner, an accurate reference time for the infusion pump system 10. Byupdating and maintaining the internal time and date settings, the pumpsystem 10 may provide the basal delivery of medicine at the correcttimes according to the predetermined delivery schedule. Furthermore, thesystem may include computer-readable memory in the controller device 200that can record dispensation data and other data along with accuratetime-stamps that are based on the updated time and date information.Accordingly, some medical decisions, which are based on a review ofpumping details, can be made with confidence knowing that the time anddate information was accurate when it was recorded.

Still referring to FIG. 15, some embodiments of the external referencesystem 230 may be provided as a radio clock system, which issynchronized by a time code bit stream that is transmitted by a radiotransmitter 236. The radio transmitter 236 can be coupled to a timestandard, such as an atomic clock, so that the radio transmitterbroadcasts a time/date signal indicative of the time standard. In thecase of a radio clock system, the receiver 232 includes an antenna thatreceives a radio frequency (RF) time code signal, and the externalreference circuitry 234 includes a receiving circuit, which converts theRF time/date code signal into a digital time/date code signal. Theexternal reference circuitry 234 or another component of the controlcircuitry 240 can decode the digital code signal and outputs a time/datesignal. For example, in the case of a radio clock system, the remotetime and date reference source can include one or more of the following:

-   -   U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)        broadcasts    -   U.S. Longwave radio station WWVB at 60 kHz and 50 kW    -   U.S. Shortwave radio station WWV at 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz        and 2.5-10 kW    -   U.S. Shortwave radio station WWVH at 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 MHz and        2.5-10 kW    -   German broadcasts from DCF77 (Mainflingen) at 77.5 kHz    -   Canadian broadcasts from CHU (Ottawa) at 3.33, 7.335 and 14.67        MHz    -   UK broadcasts from MSF (an atomic clock near Rugby) at 60 kHz    -   Japanese broadcasts from BY radio stations at 40/60 kHz    -   Chinese broadcasts from the BPM radio station (Xi'an) at 2.5, 5,        10 and 15 MHz    -   Swiss Broadcasts from the HBG longwave transmitter (Prangins) at        75 kHz    -   French broadcasts from radio station TDF (Allouis) at 162 kHz

In another embodiment, the external reference system 230 may beconfigured to receive a GPS clock signal that is transmitted from a GPSsatellite 235 or other satellite. The GPS clock system combines timeestimates from multiple satellite atomic clocks with error estimatesmaintained by a network or ground stations. Because GPS clockssimultaneously compute the time and position from several sources, theycan automatically compensate for line-of-sight delay and many radiopropagation defects. Furthermore, GPS clocks may achieve sub-microsecondprecision under ideal conditions. The GPS clock provides sufficientaccuracy in that the displayed time will be accurate to approximatelyone half of a second, which can be adequate for medical device purposes.The GPS clock system may operate with one or more of a GPS satellite, aGalileo satellite and a GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System).These satellite navigation systems have a caesium or rubidium atomicclock on each satellite, reference to a clock or clocks on the Earth.Some navigation units can serve as local time standards, with aprecision of about one microsecond (IS).

In still another embodiment, the external reference source 235 mayinclude a cellular telephone time signal (e.g., from one or morecellular towers, from a cellular base station, or from a cellularsatellite). In an exemplary embodiment, a CDMA (code division multipleaccess) clock may be implemented, which include high quality standardtime signals.

In other embodiments, the externals reference source 235 can include acomputer, such as a desktop computer or a laptop computer. The pumpdevice 100 can be coupled to the computer to electronically communicatewith the computer. This can be achieved using a wired connection or awireless connection, such as a Bluetooth connection, between the pumpdevice 100 and the computer. The external time reference can be providedusing the network time protocol (NTP) of a network, of which thecomputer is a part. NTP functions to synchronize the clocks of computersover a network By coupling the pump device 100 to the computer, the pumpdevice 100 can function as an extension of the network and the timereference of the pump device 100 can by synchronized like that of othercomponents of the network. It is also anticipated that the pump device100 can directly communicate with an NTP server or a National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) server, either of which can providethe external time reference.

The external reference system 230 may provide a number of advantageswhen implemented in a medical device, such as the previously describedpump system 10. For example, the external reference system 230 can beused to maintain accurate time and date information even in the event ofa power interruption. In particular, when the power is removed during abattery change and/or the battery depletes over time, the internalreference time can be affected. After the power is replaced, theexternal reference system 230 can communicate with the remote time anddate reference source 235, 236 to accurately update the internalreference time and date. In this manner, the external reference system230 can reduce the risk of the reference time either not being updatedor not being accurately updated by the user. Furthermore, the accuracyof the internal reference time can be maintained throughout theoperation of the medical device.

Some of these advantages are particularly highlighted in the case wherethe medical device includes an insulin pump system, such as the portableinfusion pump system 10 described in connection with FIGS. 1-3. Morespecifically, the insulin pump system 10 can provide time-based dosingof basal insulin. As such, the basal dosing rate may be adjusted by thecontroller device 200 based on the particular time of day. For example,the dosing rate can be set at one level early in the morning, when theuser is first awakening. The controller device 200 may automaticallyadjust the dosing rate to a different level at mealtimes or in theevening, for example. Accordingly, the external reference system 230provides an accurate time setting to ensure that the dosing rate isappropriate for the time of day.

In some cases, a user may suspend or otherwise take a break fromtreatment, which may lead the user to remove the power supply from themedical device (e.g., to render alarms inactive). In such circumstances,the internal reference time may become inaccurate when the medicaldevice is reactivated. The external reference system 230 can resolvethis inaccuracy by enabling the internal reference time to beautomatically updated based on the external reference signal from theremote time and date reference source 235, 236. Thus, the use of themedical device can be simplified, because the user is not required tomanually set the time and date. Furthermore, the documentation, such asan instruction manual, which accompanies the medical device, may besimplified. For example, instructions on how to manually set the timeand date may not be required.

Referring to FIG. 16, the external reference system 230 can also beimplemented to automatically adjust the dosing schedule in the case of atime change. In one example, at certain times of the year, the localtime of a particular location may increase or decrease to account fordaylight savings time. In other instances, a user may travel betweentime zones, where the time change can be several hours or even an entireday. The external reference system 230 can alert the user to such timechanges and assist the user in adapting the dosing schedule to the newtime zone. In some instances, the time zone change may be for a brieftime period, such as when a user travels out of his/her home time zonefor a brief period and then returns. In such a case, the user mayinstruct the insulin pump system 10 to function as normal, withoutadjusting the dosing rate to the new time zone.

In the case where the dosing rate is to be adjusted to a time change, anadaptive time-shift learning feature can be provided. In one embodiment,the user can indicate to the insulin pump system 10 (e.g., via a buttonon the controller device 200), as to when the first dosing should occur.For example, when the user awakens in the morning after a time changehas occurred, the user can press a button or other input to instruct theinitial dosing to occur at that time. In this manner, the dosingschedule can automatically adjust based on the timing of the initialdosing. In addition or in the alternative, the user can indicate to theinsulin pump system 10, as to when a mealtime (e.g., the first mealtime)is to occur after a time change. For example, when the user prepares fora meal after arriving in a new time zone or after a time change hasoccurred, the user may press a button or other input to alert theinsulin pump system 10. In this manner, the dosing schedule mayautomatically adjust based on the timing of a meal.

In another embodiment, the dosing rate may be gradually adjusted basedon the time change. More specifically, the dosing schedule, which iscontrolled by the controller device 200, may be incrementally shifted toadjust to the time change. For example, the dosing schedule may beshifted X minutes per hour until the dosing schedule corresponds withthe new time. The value X can increase or decrease based on the timechange. For example, the value X may be lower for a small time changethan that for a larger time change. In one embodiment, the value X maybe limited to avoid an overly aggressive shift.

Furthermore, the value X can be a function of the rate at which theuser's internal time reference changes. More specifically, thehypothalamus gland of the user regulates certain metabolic processes andother autonomic activities. The hypothalamus also coordinates seasonaland circadian rhythms. A circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-hour cycle inthe physiological processes of living beings. The value X can relate tothe circadian rhythm of the user.

As an alternative embodiment, the dosing schedule, which is controlledby the controller device 200, may adjust to conform to the new time zoneby making a step-shift. For example, if the user travels to a time zonethat is one hour ahead/behind of the user's home time zone, the dosingschedule may step-shift one hour forward/backward, upon request of theuser. The amount of the step-shift may be limited to avoid occurrencesof too much or too little dosing. For example, if the step-shift wouldresult in over- or under-dosing, the user is alerted and the step-shiftin the dosing schedule does not occur. In some embodiments, the user cananticipate a tome change and can initiate a dosing schedule adaptationprior to the time change. For example, the user may be preparing for atrip to a different time zone and can initiate a change in the dosingschedule prior to departing on the trip. In this manner, the effect of atime zone change can be better managed and minimized.

Referring to FIG. 16, a flowchart illustrates an exemplary adaptivetime-shift learning process 1600. At step 1602, the controller device200 updates the date and/or time based on the external reference signaltransmitted from the external reference source 235, 236 to the receiver232. At step 1604, the controller device 200 determines whether there isa significant time change. For example, a significant time change occurswhen the time is shifted by at least a threshold amount (e.g., greaterthan about 15 minutes, greater than about 30 minutes, and about 1 hour).Exemplary significant time changes include, but are not limited to, atime change due to daylight savings time and/or a time change due to atransition between time zones. If there is no significant time change,the external reference system 230 can automatically adjust the internalreference time of the controller device 200 without any further userinput, and the process 1600 can loop back to step 1602. If there is asignificant time change, the exemplary adaptive time-shift learningdetermines the amount of the time change at step 1606.

At step 1608, the controller device 200 alerts the patient as to thetime change. At step 1610, it is determined whether the dosing scheduleis to be adjusted. This determination can be based on the patient'sinput. For example, the user may decide that no adjustment is necessary(e.g., in the case where the user has only briefly transitioned betweentime zones). If there is no adjustment to be made, the adaptivetime-shift process ends. If an adjustment is to be made, the controllerdevice 200 determines whether a push-button adjustment is to be made atstep 1612. If no push-button adjustment is to be made, the exemplaryadaptive time-shift process continues at step 1614. If a push-buttonadjustment is to be made, the controller device 200 adjusts the dosingschedule based on a user input at step 1616. More specifically, thedosing schedule may be adjusted based on the user indicating an initialdosing for the day and/or the user indicating a mealtime (e.g.,breakfast, lunch and/or dinner), as described in further detail above.

At step 1614, the controller device 200 determines whether a gradualadjustment is to be made. If a gradual adjustment is to be made, thecontroller device 200 adjusts the dosing schedule based on theabove-described rate (i.e., X value) at step 1618. If a gradual dosingschedule adjustment is not to be made, the controller device 200conforms the dosing schedule to the new time. For example, the dosingschedule may step-shift forward or backward based on the new time. Sucha step-shift may be limited, however, based on several factorsincluding, but not limited to, the current dosing rate, the dosing rateafter the step-shift, a recent dosing history and the like. In thismanner, it may be insured that the user does not receive too much or toolittle insulin, for example, as a result of the step-shift.

Referring now to FIG. 17, as previously described, the infusion pumpsystem includes the pump device 100 having a drive system 300 controlledby the removable controller device 200 (FIGS. 1-2). Accordingly, thedrive system 300 can accurately and incrementally dispense fluid fromthe pump device 100 in a controlled manner. The drive system 300 mayinclude a flexible piston rod 370 that is incrementally advanced towardthe medicine cartridge 120 so as to dispense the medicine from the pumpdevice 100. At least a portion of the drive system 300 is mounted, inthis embodiment, to the pump housing 110. In this embodiment, the pumphousing 110 includes a chassis 107, a shell portion 108, and a covermount 109. The shell portion 108 can be used to cover at least a portionof the drive system 300. For example, the shell 108 may include an innercurved surface against which a curved section of a piston rod 370 rests.The cover mount 109 may be assembled to the chassis 107 of the pumphousing 110 to secure some components of the drive system 300 inposition between the cover mount 109 and the chassis 107. When the covermount 109 is assembled into place, the “unused” or retracted portion ofthe piston rod 370 may rest in a channel defined in the top of the covermount 109. The shell portion 108 can slide over the cover mount 109 andjoin with the chassis 107 to form the assembled pump housing 110.

Some embodiments of the drive system 300 may include a battery poweredactuator (e.g., reversible motor 320 or the like) that drives a gearsystem 330 to actuate a ratchet-spring mechanism and advance theflexible piston rod 370 toward the medicine cartridge 120 (as describedin commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/677,706 filedon Feb. 22, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference).Accordingly, control signals from the controller device 200 can betransmitted via the electrical connector 118 so as to control the motor320, which causes the gear system 330 and other components to actuateand thereby advance the piston rod 370 an incremental distance towardthe medicine cartridge. This incremental motion urges the plunger 125(FIG. 1) of the medicine cartridge 120 to force an incremental amount ofmedicine from the pump device 100. Accordingly, in response to theelectrical control signals from the controller device 200, the drivesystem 300 of the pump device 100 causes medicine to incrementallydispense from the medicine cartridge 120 and into the targeted user.

It should be understood from the description herein that, in someembodiments, the external reference system can be arranged in medicaldevices other that the wearable infusion pump system 10. For example,medical devices for the treatment of diabetes that are carried orotherwise worn by the user can incorporate an external reference systemconfigured to receive an external signal from a remote time and datereference source (e.g., a radio transmitter, a satellite, anotherbroadcast source or the like). As such, these diabetes treatment devices(e.g., infusion pumps, glucose meters, continuous glucose monitors, andthe like) can be equipped to include automatic time-setting capabilitiesand related maintenance features.

Referring to FIG. 18, some embodiments of a continuous glucosemonitoring system 600 can be incorporate an external reference system630 that includes a receiver 632 and external reference circuitry 634.These instruments 632 and 634 can be used to receive and decode theexternal reference signal that is broadcast from a remote time and datereference source 635 (e.g., a satellite, a radio transmitter, a cellularsystem, or another broadcast source). Similar to the previouslydescribed infusion pump system 10, the continuous glucose monitoringsystem 600 is configured to receive an external signal from the remotetime and date reference source 635 to provide automatic time-settingcapabilities and related maintenance features.

As shown in FIG. 18, the continuous glucose monitoring system 600includes a body-worn glucose sensor device 610 that wirelesslycommunicates with a portable controller device 620. The glucose sensordevice 610 may comprise a sensor shaft 619 that penetrates under theskin (e.g., into the subcutaneous layer) while the sensor housing isadhered to the skin. The sensor housing may contain a power source and acommunication device 615 that permits the sensor data to be wirelesslytransmitted to the controller device 620. The controller device 620 caninclude a display 622 to communicate the sensed glucose level and one ormore buttons 624 for user interaction. The controller device 620 caninclude one or more memory devices that stored a log of the sensedglucose readings and the time and date that each reading was detected.As such, the user or a medical practitioner can perform a retrospectiveanalysis of the user's blood glucose readings to determine ifmodifications should be made to the user's food consumption, physicalactivity, and insulin dosages.

In this embodiment, the controller device 200 includes the externalreference system 630 that includes the receiver 632 and the externalreference circuitry 634. The receiver 632 receives a signal indicativeof a time, a date, or both from the remote time and date referencesource 635. In response to receiving the broadcast signal indicative ofthe time/date from the remote time and date reference source 635, thereceiver 632 sends a corresponding signal to the external referencecircuitry 634. The external reference circuitry 634 processes the signaland sends a time/date update signal to the control circuitry of thedevice 620. The controller device 620 can include an internal referencecircuitry, which is automatically updated based on the new time/datedata from the external reference circuitry 634. This automatic updatemay occur at predetermined events. For example, the automatic update mayoccur upon replacement of a battery, at regularly scheduled intervals(e.g., every 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes, every hour, every few hours, twicedaily, once daily, as a few examples). In alternative embodiments, theautomatic update may occur continuously.

Still referring to FIG. 18, the external reference system 630 enablesthe continuous glucose monitoring system 600 to have an internallystored reference time that is updated by an external time signal. Theexternal time signal may include a broadcast signal generated by a radioclock transmitter, a cellular telephone system and/or a globalpositioning system (GPS). In this manner, an accurate reference time forthe continuous glucose monitoring system 600 can be maintained. Thisaccurate reference time, for example, enables the continuous glucosemonitoring system 600 to include an accurate time-stamp for each of theglucose readings that are stored in the previously described log.Because the sensor data that is collected and stored within the memoryof the controller device 620 can include an associated time-stamp, thesubsequent analysis of the recorded data is enhanced due to the highaccuracy of the time-stamp. Accordingly, some medical decisions, whichare based on a review of pumping details, can be made with confidenceknowing that the time and date information was accurate when it wasrecorded.

It should be understood from the description herein that, in someembodiments, the external reference system can be arranged other medicaldevices for the treatment of diabetes. For example, a blood glucosemeter device can incorporate an external reference system configured toreceive an external signal from a remote time and date reference source(e.g., a radio transmitter, a satellite, another broadcast source or thelike). Such a glucose meter device can be carried by a diabetic user sothat the user may periodically provide a blood sample on a test stripand then insert the test blood strip into the meter device for aperiodic glucose reading.

In some embodiments, the glucose meter device can include a mechanismfor piercing a user's skin to allow a limited amount of blood to pass tothe surface of the skin (e.g., a blood drop for the test strip). Theuser can apply the blood as a blood sample to a test blood strip. An endof the test blood strip, which includes the applied blood sample, can beinserted into a strip receiver of the glucose meter device. As such, theglucose meter device can test the blood sample to determine the user'scurrent blood glucose level. The determined blood glucose level can beprovided to the user visually (e.g., using a display) and/or audibly(e.g., using a speaker). Furthermore, the glucose meter device can beconfigured to store the glucose readings in a log (e.g., stored in oneor more memory devices of the glucose meter control circuitry). Thesestored reading may be associated with a time stamp that indicates thetime and date of the blood glucose reading. The glucose meter device canbe equipped with the external reference system (as previously described)to receive a reference time and date signal and thereafter update theinternal time and date settings in the control circuitry. Such anautomated time updating feature can ensure that the log's time-stamp foreach glucose reading is accurate, which can be beneficial to a physicianor user who is performing a retrospective analysis of the user's bloodglucose level throughout portions of the day or week.

Thus, a number of diabetes treatment devices (e.g., infusion pumps,glucose meters, continuous glucose monitors, and the like) can beequipped to include automatic time-setting capabilities and relatedmaintenance features described herein.

A number of embodiments of the invention have been described.Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An infusion pump system, comprising: a disposableand non-reusable pump device including a drive system to dispensemedicine from the pump device, the pump device having a first electricalconnector that is externally accessible; and a reusable controllerdevice removably attachable to the disposable and non-reusable pumpdevice such that the reusable controller device is mechanically mountedwith the disposable and non-reusable pump device, the controller devicecomprising: a second electrical connector that is engageable with thefirst connector to provide electrical communication between controlcircuitry of the controller device and the drive system of the pumpdevice; a user interface comprising a display device, the user interfacebeing electrically connected to the control circuitry; an externalreference system that wirelessly receives an external reference signalindicative of a time of day from a portable computing device configuredto provide short range wireless communication with the reusablecontroller device, the external reference system being electricallyconnected to the control circuitry; and a processor that updates a timesetting of the infusion pump system based on the external referencesignal to provide an updated time setting; wherein the reusablecontroller device activates the drive system of the pump device based onthe updated time setting, wherein the reusable controller deviceactivates the drive system of the pump device according to a dispensingrate schedule based on time of day, and wherein the reusable controllerdevice indicates a time-zone change based on the external referencesignal and shifts the dispensing rate schedule based on the time-zonechange.
 2. An infusion pump system, comprising: a disposable andnon-reusable pump device including a drive system to dispense medicinefrom the pump device, the pump device having a first electricalconnector that is externally accessible, wherein the disposable andnon-reusable pump device comprises a pump housing that defines a spaceto slidably receive a medicine cartridge, wherein the disposable andnon-reusable pump device includes at least one retainer structureconfigured to hinder removal of the medicine cartridge after exhaustionof the medicine cartridge and thereby prevent reuse of the pump devicewith a new medicine cartridge; and a reusable controller deviceremovably attachable to the disposable and non-reusable pump device suchthat the reusable controller device is mechanically mounted with thedisposable and non-reusable pump device, the controller devicecomprising: a second electrical connector that is engageable with thefirst connector to provide electrical communication between controlcircuitry of the controller device and the drive system of the pumpdevice; a user interface comprising a display device, the user interfacebeing electrically connected to the control circuitry; an externalreference system that wirelessly receives an external reference signalindicative of a time of day from a portable computing device configuredto provide short range wireless communication with the reusablecontroller device, the external reference system being electricallyconnected to the control circuitry; and a processor that updates a timesetting of the infusion pump system based on the external referencesignal to provide an updated time setting; wherein the reusablecontroller device activates the drive system of the pump device based onthe updated time setting.
 3. An infusion pump system, comprising: adisposable and non-reusable pump device including a drive system todispense medicine from the pump device, the pump device having a firstelectrical connector that is externally accessible, wherein thedisposable and non-reusable pump device comprises a pump housing thathas an interior cavity a space to slidably receive the medicinecartridge inserted through an external opening of the pump housing,wherein the disposable and non-reusable pump device further comprises aseparate cap device configured to mate with the pump housing and coverthe external opening so as to seal the medicine cartridge in theinterior cavity; and a reusable controller device removably attachableto the disposable and non-reusable pump device such that the reusablecontroller device is mechanically mounted with the disposable andnon-reusable pump device, the controller device comprising: a secondelectrical connector that is engageable with the first connector toprovide electrical communication between control circuitry of thecontroller device and the drive system of the pump device; a userinterface comprising a display device, the user interface beingelectrically connected to the control circuitry; an external referencesystem that wirelessly receives an external reference signal indicativeof a time of day from a portable computing device configured to provideshort range wireless communication with the reusable controller device,the external reference system being electrically connected to thecontrol circuitry; and a processor that updates a time setting of theinfusion pump system based on the external reference signal to providean updated time setting; wherein the reusable controller deviceactivates the drive system of the pump device based on the updated timesetting.
 4. The infusion pump system of claim 3, wherein the cap deviceincludes a penetration member to pierce a septum of the medicinecartridge when the cap device is mated with the pump housing.
 5. Aninfusion pump system, comprising: a disposable and non-reusable pumpdevice including a drive system to dispense medicine from the pumpdevice, the pump device having a first electrical connector that isexternally accessible; and a reusable controller device removablyattachable to the disposable and non-reusable pump device such that thereusable controller device is mechanically mounted with the disposableand non-reusable pump device, the controller device comprising: a secondelectrical connector that is engageable with the first connector toprovide electrical communication between control circuitry of thecontroller device and the drive system of the pump device; a userinterface comprising a display device, the user interface beingelectrically connected to the control circuitry; an external referencesystem that wirelessly receives an external reference signal indicativeof a time of day from a portable computing device configured to provideshort range wireless communication with the reusable controller device,the external reference system being electrically connected to thecontrol circuitry; and a processor that updates a time setting of theinfusion pump system based on the external reference signal to providean updated time setting; wherein the reusable controller deviceactivates the drive system of the pump device based on the updated timesetting, and wherein the user interface of the reusable controllerdevice prompts a user to confirm that a dispensing rate schedule shouldbe adjusted based on the updated time setting.
 6. An infusion pumpsystem, comprising: a disposable and non-reusable pump device includinga drive system to dispense medicine from the pump device, the pumpdevice having a first electrical connector that is externallyaccessible; and a reusable controller device removably attachable to thedisposable and non-reusable pump device such that the reusablecontroller device is mechanically mounted with the disposable andnon-reusable pump device, the controller device comprising: a secondelectrical connector that is engageable with the first connector toprovide electrical communication between control circuitry of thecontroller device and the drive system of the pump device; a userinterface comprising a display device, the user interface beingelectrically connected to the control circuitry; an external referencesystem that wirelessly receives an external reference signal indicativeof a time of day from a portable computing device configured to provideshort range wireless communication with the reusable controller device,the external reference system being electrically connected to thecontrol circuitry, wherein the external reference signal indicative ofthe time of day is provided from the portable computing device using anetwork time protocol (NTP) of a computer network that includes theportable computing device; and a processor that updates a time settingof the infusion pump system based on the external reference signal toprovide an updated time setting; wherein the reusable controller deviceactivates the drive system of the pump device based on the updated timesetting.
 7. The infusion pump system of claim 6, wherein the portablecomputing device comprises a laptop computer.
 8. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 6, wherein the portable computing device configured toprovide short range wireless communication with the reusable controllerdevice via a Bluetooth connection.
 9. The infusion pump system of claim6, wherein the reusable controller device adjusts a dispensing rate ofthe pump device based on the updated time setting.
 10. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 6, wherein the reusable controller device activates thedrive system of the pump device according to a dispensing rate schedulebased on time of day.
 11. The infusion pump system of claim 10, whereinthe reusable controller device indicates a time-zone change based on theexternal reference signal and shifts the dispensing rate schedule basedon the time-zone change.
 12. The infusion pump system of claim 11,wherein the dispensing rate schedule is incrementally shifted togradually correspond to the time-zone change.
 13. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 11, wherein the dispensing rate schedule is step shiftedto immediately correspond to the time-zone change.
 14. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 11, wherein the user interface queries a user to confirmwhether operation of the wearable infusion pump system should beadjusted based on the time-zone change, and wherein the dispensing rateschedule shifting based on the time-zone change is only executed inresponse to input to the user interface.
 15. The infusion pump system ofclaim 6, wherein the disposable and non-reusable pump device comprises apump housing that defines a space to slidably receive a medicinecartridge, wherein the disposable and non-reusable pump device includesat least one retainer structure configured to hinder removal of themedicine cartridge after exhaustion of the medicine cartridge andthereby prevent reuse of the pump device with a new medicine cartridge.16. The infusion pump system of claim 6, wherein the disposable andnon-reusable pump device comprises a pump housing that has an interiorcavity a space to slidably receive the medicine cartridge insertedthrough an external opening of the pump housing, wherein the disposableand non-reusable pump device further comprises a separate cap deviceconfigured to mate with the pump housing and cover the external openingso as to seal the medicine cartridge in the interior cavity.
 17. Theinfusion pump system of claim 16, wherein the cap device includes apenetration member to pierce a septum of the medicine cartridge when thecap device is mated with the pump housing.
 18. The infusion pump systemof claim 6, wherein the user interface of the reusable controller deviceprompts a user to confirm that a dispensing rate schedule should beadjusted based on the updated time setting.
 19. The infusion pump systemof claim 5, wherein the portable computing device comprises a laptopcomputer.
 20. The infusion pump system of claim 5, wherein the portablecomputing device configured to provide short range wirelesscommunication with the reusable controller device via a Bluetoothconnection.
 21. The infusion pump system of claim 5, wherein theportable computing device is connected to a computer network having anetwork time protocol (NTP), and wherein the external reference signalindicative of the time of day is provided from the portable computingdevice via the NTP of the computer network.
 22. The infusion pump systemof claim 5, wherein the reusable controller device activates the drivesystem of the pump device according to a dispensing rate schedule basedon time of day.
 23. The infusion pump system of claim 22, wherein thereusable controller device indicates a time-zone change based on theexternal reference signal and shifts the dispensing rate schedule basedon the time-zone change.
 24. The infusion pump system of claim 23,wherein the dispensing rate schedule is incrementally shifted togradually correspond to the time-zone change.
 25. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 23, wherein the dispensing rate schedule is step shiftedto immediately correspond to the time-zone change.
 26. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 23, wherein the user interface queries a user to confirmwhether operation of the wearable infusion pump system should beadjusted based on the time-zone change, and wherein the dispensing rateschedule shifting based on the time-zone change is only executed inresponse to input to the user interface.
 27. The infusion pump system ofclaim 5, wherein the disposable and non-reusable pump device comprises apump housing that defines a space to slidably receive a medicinecartridge, wherein the disposable and non-reusable pump device includesat least one retainer structure configured to hinder removal of themedicine cartridge after exhaustion of the medicine cartridge andthereby prevent reuse of the pump device with a new medicine cartridge.28. The infusion pump system of claim 5, wherein the disposable andnon-reusable pump device comprises a pump housing that has an interiorcavity a space to slidably receive the medicine cartridge insertedthrough an external opening of the pump housing, wherein the disposableand non-reusable pump device further comprises a separate cap deviceconfigured to mate with the pump housing and cover the external openingso as to seal the medicine cartridge in the interior cavity.
 29. Theinfusion pump system of claim 28, wherein the cap device includes apenetration member to pierce a septum of the medicine cartridge when thecap device is mated with the pump housing.
 30. The infusion pump systemof claim 3, wherein the portable computing device comprises a laptopcomputer.
 31. The infusion pump system of claim 3, wherein the portablecomputing device configured to provide short range wirelesscommunication with the reusable controller device via a Bluetoothconnection.
 32. The infusion pump system of claim 3, wherein thereusable controller device activates the drive system of the pump deviceaccording to a dispensing rate schedule based on time of day.
 33. Theinfusion pump system of claim 32, wherein the reusable controller deviceindicates a time-zone change based on the external reference signal andshifts the dispensing rate schedule based on the time-zone change. 34.The infusion pump system of claim 33, wherein the dispensing rateschedule is incrementally shifted to gradually correspond to thetime-zone change.
 35. The infusion pump system of claim 33, wherein thedispensing rate schedule is step shifted to immediately correspond tothe time-zone change.
 36. The infusion pump system of claim 33, whereinthe user interface queries a user to confirm whether operation of thewearable infusion pump system should be adjusted based on the time-zonechange, and wherein the dispensing rate schedule shifting based on thetime-zone change is only executed in response to input to the userinterface.
 37. The infusion pump system of claim 3, wherein thedisposable and non-reusable pump device comprises a pump housing thatdefines a space to slidably receive a medicine cartridge, wherein thedisposable and non-reusable pump device includes at least one retainerstructure configured to hinder removal of the medicine cartridge afterexhaustion of the medicine cartridge and thereby prevent reuse of thepump device with a new medicine cartridge.
 38. The infusion pump systemof claim 2, wherein the portable computing device comprises a laptopcomputer.
 39. The infusion pump system of claim 2, wherein the portablecomputing device configured to provide short range wirelesscommunication with the reusable controller device via a Bluetoothconnection.
 40. The infusion pump system of claim 2, wherein thereusable controller device activates the drive system of the pump deviceaccording to a dispensing rate schedule based on time of day.
 41. Theinfusion pump system of claim 40, wherein the reusable controller deviceindicates a time-zone change based on the external reference signal andshifts the dispensing rate schedule based on the time-zone change. 42.The infusion pump system of claim 41, wherein the dispensing rateschedule is incrementally shifted to gradually correspond to thetime-zone change.
 43. The infusion pump system of claim 41, wherein thedispensing rate schedule is step shifted to immediately correspond tothe time-zone change.
 44. The infusion pump system of claim 41, whereinthe user interface queries a user to confirm whether operation of thewearable infusion pump system should be adjusted based on the time-zonechange, and wherein the dispensing rate schedule shifting based on thetime-zone change is only executed in response to input to the userinterface.
 45. The infusion pump system of claim 1, wherein the portablecomputing device comprises a laptop computer.
 46. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 1, wherein the portable computing device configured toprovide short range wireless communication with the reusable controllerdevice via a Bluetooth connection.
 47. The infusion pump system of claim1, wherein the dispensing rate schedule is incrementally shifted togradually correspond to the time-zone change.
 48. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 1, wherein the dispensing rate schedule is step shiftedto immediately correspond to the time-zone change.
 49. The infusion pumpsystem of claim 1, wherein the user interface queries a user to confirmwhether operation of the wearable infusion pump system should beadjusted based on the time-zone change, and wherein the dispensing rateschedule shifting based on the time-zone change is only executed inresponse to input to the user interface.